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1.Illegal shift - a player is not in motion but is not set before the snap; more than one player is in motion at the snap; or after more than one player was moving (shifting), all eleven players have not been motionless for one second. Referee signal: two arms in front of chest, palms open and down, with the elbows out to the side, moved away from chest. Penalty: 5 yards from the previous spot.
其中,a player is not in motion but is not set before the snap;r after more than one player was moving (shifting), all eleven players have not been motionless for one second.各是何意? in motion具体指什么,什么才叫做in motion?
另外,关于intentional grounding的规定,十分复杂,能否解释一下:
Intentional grounding - a forward pass is thrown intentionally incomplete so that the passer avoids loss of yardage or to conserve time. Note that there is an exception that allows a snap received directly from the snapper (i.e. not in shotgun) to be immediately 'spiked'.
NFL penalty: 10 yards or spot of foul, whichever is farther from the original line of scrimmage, and loss of down. If the foul occurs within the endzone, the play is ruled a safety.
NCAA penalty: Spot of foul and loss of down.
NFHS penalty: 5 yards from the spot of the foul and loss of down.
In NCAA and NFL, if the quarterback has moved outside of the area between his offensive tackles (the "tackle box"), there is no foul for grounding the ball if the quarterback throws the ball past the line of scrimmage.
Referee signal: both hands held out flat, facing each other, in front of the referee, moving down together diagonally roughly from one shoulder to the opposite hip.
In the NFL, if any of the above fouls (except "Illegal Formation") occur with less than a minute remaining in the half and the clock running, then a 10-second penalty is also assessed. The 10-second penalty does not apply if the clock is stopped when the ball is set for play and will not start until the ball is snapped, if the team on offense with time-outs elects to use one in lieu of the runoff, or if the defense declines the runoff (which prevents a team from committing fouls to intentionally run out the clock). In addition, the game clock will run once the ball is placed. If such a runoff occurs with 10 seconds or less remaining, the half automatically ends. Since the enforcement of the 10-second runoff, only one NFL game ended automatically due to a false start with less than 10 seconds remaining (in 2005 between Arizona and St. Louis). A pre-season game in 2006 between Houston and Kansas City had the first half end automatically due to an intentional grounding foul with less than 10 seconds left. |
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